Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of <i>Buchholzia coriacea</i> Seed (Wonderful Kola)

Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu; Abba Chika; Ezeh Peter; Ajaghaku Daniel; Onyegbule Felix Afamefule

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12

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Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola)

Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu, Abba Chika, Ezeh Peter, Ajaghaku Daniel, Onyegbule Felix Afamefule

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 5)

Received: 20 July 2016 Accepted: 2 August 2016 Published: 18 October 2016

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Abstract

This study investigated the phytochemical content, proximate analysis, acute toxicity test, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory effect of Buchholzia coriacea (wonderful kola) seed fractions using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane, methanol and aqueous extracts of B. coriacea seeds against Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was determined using the agar well diffusion method. The proximate composition shows that freshly dried B. coriacea seeds consist of 13% moisture, 88.19% total solid, 0.45% crude fat, 3.92% ash, 1.96% nitrogen, 12.8% protein, 69.8% carbohydrate and 3.5% crude fibre. The acute toxicity study showed that the seed is safe; as no death was recorded. In the assay for anti-inflammatory activity, the results showed the aqueous extract to be the most active fractions. The preliminary antimicrobial evaluation, revealed that at the concentrations analysed (6.25-100 mg/mL), the inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) produced by the aqueous extracts against the test isolates ranged from 0-18 mm; the methanol extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-15 mm; and the n-hexane extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-7 mm. The antimicrobial results of the extracts of B. coriacea showed that the aqueous extract recorded the best antibacterial activity, while the methanol extract showed the best antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the aqueous extract recorded more pharmacological activities than the methanol and n-hexane extracts of B. coriacea seeds and this confirms the common use of aqueous decoctions of this plant seeds in South-Eastern Nigeria traditional medicine practice. Analysis of the seed oil, revealed the significant presence of Estra-1, 3, 5 [10] -trien-17ß-ol (35.26%), Oleic acid (6.49%), 1-(+)-Ascorbic acid-2,6-dihexadecanoate (5.98%), Docosanoic acid (2.85%) with other palmitic acid derivatives.

Published in	American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12
Page(s)	106-112
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Buchholzia Coriacea, Antimicrobial, Methanolic Extracts, Aqueous Extracts, Anti-Inflammatory, Nigeria

References

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[20]	Owolabi AO, Ndidi US, James BD, Amune FA. Proximate, Antinutrient and Mineral composition of Five varieties of cowpea, Vigna ungulate, Commonly consumed in samara community, Zaria Nigeria. Asian Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012 4 (2): 70-72.
[21]	Mbata TI, Duru CM and Onwumelu HA. Antibacterial activity of crude seed extracts of Buchholzia coriacea E. on some pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Developmental Biology and Tissue Engineering. (2009) 1 (1): 001-005.
[22]	Nwachukwu MI, Duru MKC, Amadi BA and Nwachukwu IO Comparative Evaluation of Phytoconstituents, Antibacterial Activities and Proximate Contents of Fresh, Oven Dried Uncooked and Cooked Samples of Buchholzia coriacea Seed and Their Effects on Hepatocellular Integrity. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention. (2014) 3 (6): PP. 41-49.
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Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu, Abba Chika, Ezeh Peter, Ajaghaku Daniel, Onyegbule Felix Afamefule. (2016). Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola). American Journal of Life Sciences, 4(5), 106-112. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12

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ACS Style

Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu; Abba Chika; Ezeh Peter; Ajaghaku Daniel; Onyegbule Felix Afamefule. Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola). Am. J. Life Sci. 2016, 4(5), 106-112. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12

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AMA Style

Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu, Abba Chika, Ezeh Peter, Ajaghaku Daniel, Onyegbule Felix Afamefule. Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola). Am J Life Sci. 2016;4(5):106-112. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12,
  author = {Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu and Abba Chika and Ezeh Peter and Ajaghaku Daniel and Onyegbule Felix Afamefule},
  title = {Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola)},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {106-112},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20160405.12},
  abstract = {This study investigated the phytochemical content, proximate analysis, acute toxicity test, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory effect of Buchholzia coriacea (wonderful kola) seed fractions using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane, methanol and aqueous extracts of B. coriacea seeds against Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was determined using the agar well diffusion method. The proximate composition shows that freshly dried B. coriacea seeds consist of 13% moisture, 88.19% total solid, 0.45% crude fat, 3.92% ash, 1.96% nitrogen, 12.8% protein, 69.8% carbohydrate and 3.5% crude fibre. The acute toxicity study showed that the seed is safe; as no death was recorded. In the assay for anti-inflammatory activity, the results showed the aqueous extract to be the most active fractions. The preliminary antimicrobial evaluation, revealed that at the concentrations analysed (6.25-100 mg/mL), the inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) produced by the aqueous extracts against the test isolates ranged from 0-18 mm; the methanol extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-15 mm; and the n-hexane extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-7 mm. The antimicrobial results of the extracts of B. coriacea showed that the aqueous extract recorded the best antibacterial activity, while the methanol extract showed the best antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the aqueous extract recorded more pharmacological activities than the methanol and n-hexane extracts of B. coriacea seeds and this confirms the common use of aqueous decoctions of this plant seeds in South-Eastern Nigeria traditional medicine practice. Analysis of the seed oil, revealed the significant presence of Estra-1, 3, 5 [10] -trien-17ß-ol (35.26%), Oleic acid (6.49%), 1-(+)-Ascorbic acid-2,6-dihexadecanoate (5.98%), Docosanoic acid (2.85%) with other palmitic acid derivatives.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola)
AU  - Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu
AU  - Abba Chika
AU  - Ezeh Peter
AU  - Ajaghaku Daniel
AU  - Onyegbule Felix Afamefule
Y1  - 2016/10/18
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 106
EP  - 112
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12
AB  - This study investigated the phytochemical content, proximate analysis, acute toxicity test, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory effect of Buchholzia coriacea (wonderful kola) seed fractions using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane, methanol and aqueous extracts of B. coriacea seeds against Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was determined using the agar well diffusion method. The proximate composition shows that freshly dried B. coriacea seeds consist of 13% moisture, 88.19% total solid, 0.45% crude fat, 3.92% ash, 1.96% nitrogen, 12.8% protein, 69.8% carbohydrate and 3.5% crude fibre. The acute toxicity study showed that the seed is safe; as no death was recorded. In the assay for anti-inflammatory activity, the results showed the aqueous extract to be the most active fractions. The preliminary antimicrobial evaluation, revealed that at the concentrations analysed (6.25-100 mg/mL), the inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) produced by the aqueous extracts against the test isolates ranged from 0-18 mm; the methanol extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-15 mm; and the n-hexane extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-7 mm. The antimicrobial results of the extracts of B. coriacea showed that the aqueous extract recorded the best antibacterial activity, while the methanol extract showed the best antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the aqueous extract recorded more pharmacological activities than the methanol and n-hexane extracts of B. coriacea seeds and this confirms the common use of aqueous decoctions of this plant seeds in South-Eastern Nigeria traditional medicine practice. Analysis of the seed oil, revealed the significant presence of Estra-1, 3, 5 [10] -trien-17ß-ol (35.26%), Oleic acid (6.49%), 1-(+)-Ascorbic acid-2,6-dihexadecanoate (5.98%), Docosanoic acid (2.85%) with other palmitic acid derivatives.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu

Department of Pharmaceutical, and Medicinal Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Abba Chika

Department of Pharmaceutical, and Medicinal Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Ezeh Peter

Department of Pharmaceutical, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Ajaghaku Daniel

Department of Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Onyegbule Felix Afamefule

Department of Pharmaceutical, and Medicinal Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

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APA Style

Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu, Abba Chika, Ezeh Peter, Ajaghaku Daniel, Onyegbule Felix Afamefule. (2016). Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola). American Journal of Life Sciences, 4(5), 106-112. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12

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ACS Style

Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu; Abba Chika; Ezeh Peter; Ajaghaku Daniel; Onyegbule Felix Afamefule. Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola). Am. J. Life Sci. 2016, 4(5), 106-112. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12

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AMA Style

Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu, Abba Chika, Ezeh Peter, Ajaghaku Daniel, Onyegbule Felix Afamefule. Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola). Am J Life Sci. 2016;4(5):106-112. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12,
  author = {Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu and Abba Chika and Ezeh Peter and Ajaghaku Daniel and Onyegbule Felix Afamefule},
  title = {Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola)},
  journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {106-112},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20160405.12},
  abstract = {This study investigated the phytochemical content, proximate analysis, acute toxicity test, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory effect of Buchholzia coriacea (wonderful kola) seed fractions using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane, methanol and aqueous extracts of B. coriacea seeds against Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was determined using the agar well diffusion method. The proximate composition shows that freshly dried B. coriacea seeds consist of 13% moisture, 88.19% total solid, 0.45% crude fat, 3.92% ash, 1.96% nitrogen, 12.8% protein, 69.8% carbohydrate and 3.5% crude fibre. The acute toxicity study showed that the seed is safe; as no death was recorded. In the assay for anti-inflammatory activity, the results showed the aqueous extract to be the most active fractions. The preliminary antimicrobial evaluation, revealed that at the concentrations analysed (6.25-100 mg/mL), the inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) produced by the aqueous extracts against the test isolates ranged from 0-18 mm; the methanol extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-15 mm; and the n-hexane extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-7 mm. The antimicrobial results of the extracts of B. coriacea showed that the aqueous extract recorded the best antibacterial activity, while the methanol extract showed the best antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the aqueous extract recorded more pharmacological activities than the methanol and n-hexane extracts of B. coriacea seeds and this confirms the common use of aqueous decoctions of this plant seeds in South-Eastern Nigeria traditional medicine practice. Analysis of the seed oil, revealed the significant presence of Estra-1, 3, 5 [10] -trien-17ß-ol (35.26%), Oleic acid (6.49%), 1-(+)-Ascorbic acid-2,6-dihexadecanoate (5.98%), Docosanoic acid (2.85%) with other palmitic acid derivatives.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, and Chemical Evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea Seed (Wonderful Kola)
AU  - Umeokoli Blessing Ogechukwu
AU  - Abba Chika
AU  - Ezeh Peter
AU  - Ajaghaku Daniel
AU  - Onyegbule Felix Afamefule
Y1  - 2016/10/18
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12
T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
SP  - 106
EP  - 112
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20160405.12
AB  - This study investigated the phytochemical content, proximate analysis, acute toxicity test, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory effect of Buchholzia coriacea (wonderful kola) seed fractions using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane, methanol and aqueous extracts of B. coriacea seeds against Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was determined using the agar well diffusion method. The proximate composition shows that freshly dried B. coriacea seeds consist of 13% moisture, 88.19% total solid, 0.45% crude fat, 3.92% ash, 1.96% nitrogen, 12.8% protein, 69.8% carbohydrate and 3.5% crude fibre. The acute toxicity study showed that the seed is safe; as no death was recorded. In the assay for anti-inflammatory activity, the results showed the aqueous extract to be the most active fractions. The preliminary antimicrobial evaluation, revealed that at the concentrations analysed (6.25-100 mg/mL), the inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) produced by the aqueous extracts against the test isolates ranged from 0-18 mm; the methanol extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-15 mm; and the n-hexane extract recorded IZDs that ranged from 0-7 mm. The antimicrobial results of the extracts of B. coriacea showed that the aqueous extract recorded the best antibacterial activity, while the methanol extract showed the best antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the aqueous extract recorded more pharmacological activities than the methanol and n-hexane extracts of B. coriacea seeds and this confirms the common use of aqueous decoctions of this plant seeds in South-Eastern Nigeria traditional medicine practice. Analysis of the seed oil, revealed the significant presence of Estra-1, 3, 5 [10] -trien-17ß-ol (35.26%), Oleic acid (6.49%), 1-(+)-Ascorbic acid-2,6-dihexadecanoate (5.98%), Docosanoic acid (2.85%) with other palmitic acid derivatives.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
ER  -

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