Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State

Onah Gabriel Owojoku; Ajoma Simon Okwoche; Anunobi Helen Nwando; Tawo Alfred Oyong

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11

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Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State

Onah Gabriel Owojoku, Ajoma Simon Okwoche, Anunobi Helen Nwando, Tawo Alfred Oyong

Published in International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 20 January 2021 Accepted: 28 January 2021 Published: 26 February 2021

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Abstract

The Ikom Monoliths represent one of the masterpieces of Nigerian Arts and a perfect tourism Showcase for tourists. Unfortunately, some locals or Tour Guides have continuously or erroneously projected the monoliths according to their subjective mythological beliefs as warriors, deities, or gods of Stone with powers to cure ailments like barrenness, epilepsy, and madness. This subjective point of view is neither scientific nor marketable to critical global minds. Rather, the Monoliths should be promoted or marketed as efforts of early settlers with astronomical awareness and capability for iron works and Artistry as depictions of these stone works range from noteworthy effigies or representations of village beauties, cultural emissaries, gifted farmers, shrewd hunters, wise chiefs and prominent dignitaries and positional astronomy. Furthermore, the astronomical angle when verified can make it an exciting visit for adventure Tourists. As a Tour Guide, the content of the packaging can make or mar a Cultural Product depending on the information you set out to transmit or dish out to your Regular and Potential Tourists. This paper intends to highlight the beliefs or myths that have either rebuffed or attracted Tourists, or Researchers, and the curious public to the Ikom Monoliths.

Published in	International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11
Page(s)	1-5
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Traditional Norms, Monoliths, Tourism, Marketing

References

[1]	Allison, P. (1967). Cross River State monoliths. Lagos: Department of antiquities, Federal Republic of Nigeria.
[2]	Allison, P. (1969). Cross River monoliths. department of the antiquities federal republic of Nigeria.
[3]	Ajom S. O, Emeka E. O, Tawo A. O. (2020) ethnographic studies of the stone monolith in Ikom and Ogoja local government and their contribution to tourism development in Nigeria, University of Nigeria, Nuskka Enugu.
[4]	Amaratunga, R. G., Baldry, D., Sarshar, m., & Newton, D. (2002). Qualitative and quantitative research in the in the build environment. application of mixed research approach. Work-Study Renamed International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 51 (1) 17 31.
[5]	Eyo, Ekpo, (2008) “From Shrine to Showcases:’’Masterpieces of Nigerian Art: Abuja:, Ministry of Information and Communication.
[6]	Hoebel, E. Adamson, (1979) Anthropology and the Human Experience, 5th ed. New York: McGraw.
[7]	Maidugu, M M, E O Ben Iheanachor, C O Iyimoga, A (2011) Compendium of NAFEST Colloquim.
[8]	Obatala, J K. (2011) Expedition Search for the Akwanshi for Naija 7 Wonder.
[9]	Roller, M. & Lavrakas, P. (2015). Applied qualitative research design. A total qualitative framework approach, New York. Guildford press publication pro quest ebook central http://ebook centralproquest.com
[10]	Ufot, N G. (2010) National Cultural & Historical Exhibition-The Journey of Our Independence. Abuja, Yaliam Press Ltd.
[11]	Adaka, Sunny (2012). Oral interview with Curator of National Museum. September.
[12]	Akong, Sylvanus. (2012) Oral Interview with on-site Curator of the Alok open-air Museum.

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APA Style

Onah Gabriel Owojoku, Ajoma Simon Okwoche, Anunobi Helen Nwando, Tawo Alfred Oyong. (2021). Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management, 5(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11

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ACS Style

Onah Gabriel Owojoku; Ajoma Simon Okwoche; Anunobi Helen Nwando; Tawo Alfred Oyong. Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State. Int. J. Hosp. Tour. Manag. 2021, 5(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11

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AMA Style

Onah Gabriel Owojoku, Ajoma Simon Okwoche, Anunobi Helen Nwando, Tawo Alfred Oyong. Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State. Int J Hosp Tour Manag. 2021;5(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11,
  author = {Onah Gabriel Owojoku and Ajoma Simon Okwoche and Anunobi Helen Nwando and Tawo Alfred Oyong},
  title = {Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State},
  journal = {International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhtm.20210501.11},
  abstract = {The Ikom Monoliths represent one of the masterpieces of Nigerian Arts and a perfect tourism Showcase for tourists. Unfortunately, some locals or Tour Guides have continuously or erroneously projected the monoliths according to their subjective mythological beliefs as warriors, deities, or gods of Stone with powers to cure ailments like barrenness, epilepsy, and madness. This subjective point of view is neither scientific nor marketable to critical global minds. Rather, the Monoliths should be promoted or marketed as efforts of early settlers with astronomical awareness and capability for iron works and Artistry as depictions of these stone works range from noteworthy effigies or representations of village beauties, cultural emissaries, gifted farmers, shrewd hunters, wise chiefs and prominent dignitaries and positional astronomy. Furthermore, the astronomical angle when verified can make it an exciting visit for adventure Tourists. As a Tour Guide, the content of the packaging can make or mar a Cultural Product depending on the information you set out to transmit or dish out to your Regular and Potential Tourists. This paper intends to highlight the beliefs or myths that have either rebuffed or attracted Tourists, or Researchers, and the curious public to the Ikom Monoliths.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State
AU  - Onah Gabriel Owojoku
AU  - Ajoma Simon Okwoche
AU  - Anunobi Helen Nwando
AU  - Tawo Alfred Oyong
Y1  - 2021/02/26
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11
T2  - International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management
JF  - International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management
JO  - International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1800
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11
AB  - The Ikom Monoliths represent one of the masterpieces of Nigerian Arts and a perfect tourism Showcase for tourists. Unfortunately, some locals or Tour Guides have continuously or erroneously projected the monoliths according to their subjective mythological beliefs as warriors, deities, or gods of Stone with powers to cure ailments like barrenness, epilepsy, and madness. This subjective point of view is neither scientific nor marketable to critical global minds. Rather, the Monoliths should be promoted or marketed as efforts of early settlers with astronomical awareness and capability for iron works and Artistry as depictions of these stone works range from noteworthy effigies or representations of village beauties, cultural emissaries, gifted farmers, shrewd hunters, wise chiefs and prominent dignitaries and positional astronomy. Furthermore, the astronomical angle when verified can make it an exciting visit for adventure Tourists. As a Tour Guide, the content of the packaging can make or mar a Cultural Product depending on the information you set out to transmit or dish out to your Regular and Potential Tourists. This paper intends to highlight the beliefs or myths that have either rebuffed or attracted Tourists, or Researchers, and the curious public to the Ikom Monoliths.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Onah Gabriel Owojoku

Carnivalcommision, Calabar, Nigeria
Ajoma Simon Okwoche

Department of Archaeology and Tourism, Faculty of Art, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
Anunobi Helen Nwando

Department of Archaeology and Tourism, Faculty of Art, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
Tawo Alfred Oyong

Department of Archaeology and Tourism, Faculty of Art, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Onah Gabriel Owojoku, Ajoma Simon Okwoche, Anunobi Helen Nwando, Tawo Alfred Oyong. (2021). Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management, 5(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11

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ACS Style

Onah Gabriel Owojoku; Ajoma Simon Okwoche; Anunobi Helen Nwando; Tawo Alfred Oyong. Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State. Int. J. Hosp. Tour. Manag. 2021, 5(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11

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AMA Style

Onah Gabriel Owojoku, Ajoma Simon Okwoche, Anunobi Helen Nwando, Tawo Alfred Oyong. Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State. Int J Hosp Tour Manag. 2021;5(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11,
  author = {Onah Gabriel Owojoku and Ajoma Simon Okwoche and Anunobi Helen Nwando and Tawo Alfred Oyong},
  title = {Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State},
  journal = {International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhtm.20210501.11},
  abstract = {The Ikom Monoliths represent one of the masterpieces of Nigerian Arts and a perfect tourism Showcase for tourists. Unfortunately, some locals or Tour Guides have continuously or erroneously projected the monoliths according to their subjective mythological beliefs as warriors, deities, or gods of Stone with powers to cure ailments like barrenness, epilepsy, and madness. This subjective point of view is neither scientific nor marketable to critical global minds. Rather, the Monoliths should be promoted or marketed as efforts of early settlers with astronomical awareness and capability for iron works and Artistry as depictions of these stone works range from noteworthy effigies or representations of village beauties, cultural emissaries, gifted farmers, shrewd hunters, wise chiefs and prominent dignitaries and positional astronomy. Furthermore, the astronomical angle when verified can make it an exciting visit for adventure Tourists. As a Tour Guide, the content of the packaging can make or mar a Cultural Product depending on the information you set out to transmit or dish out to your Regular and Potential Tourists. This paper intends to highlight the beliefs or myths that have either rebuffed or attracted Tourists, or Researchers, and the curious public to the Ikom Monoliths.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Conflicts of Traditional Norms in the Packaging of Ikom Monolith for Tourism in Cross River State
AU  - Onah Gabriel Owojoku
AU  - Ajoma Simon Okwoche
AU  - Anunobi Helen Nwando
AU  - Tawo Alfred Oyong
Y1  - 2021/02/26
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11
T2  - International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management
JF  - International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management
JO  - International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1800
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhtm.20210501.11
AB  - The Ikom Monoliths represent one of the masterpieces of Nigerian Arts and a perfect tourism Showcase for tourists. Unfortunately, some locals or Tour Guides have continuously or erroneously projected the monoliths according to their subjective mythological beliefs as warriors, deities, or gods of Stone with powers to cure ailments like barrenness, epilepsy, and madness. This subjective point of view is neither scientific nor marketable to critical global minds. Rather, the Monoliths should be promoted or marketed as efforts of early settlers with astronomical awareness and capability for iron works and Artistry as depictions of these stone works range from noteworthy effigies or representations of village beauties, cultural emissaries, gifted farmers, shrewd hunters, wise chiefs and prominent dignitaries and positional astronomy. Furthermore, the astronomical angle when verified can make it an exciting visit for adventure Tourists. As a Tour Guide, the content of the packaging can make or mar a Cultural Product depending on the information you set out to transmit or dish out to your Regular and Potential Tourists. This paper intends to highlight the beliefs or myths that have either rebuffed or attracted Tourists, or Researchers, and the curious public to the Ikom Monoliths.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download