After identifications of arsenic contamination in Pakistan, lot of technological based arsenic mitigation interventions were carried out which could not last longer due to non-availability of filtration media and running spare parts of arsenic removal tanks units in the local market. The in-depth performance analysis of arsenic removal technology (ART) units, clay pitchers and PUR sachet was carried out which showed un-sustainability of these interventions. The main reasons are lack of awareness, illiteracy and unfavorable socio-economic conditions which make the end users in villages/rural areas the most vulnerable to the adverse impacts of any type of contaminated water and own the installed arsenic removal interventions. Therefore, before taking up any arsenic removal project, it is worthwhile to explore those interventions which are compatible to local socio-economic environments. Deeping boring options have been found best suited, as most of the agricultural practices are dependent on ground water- at shallow depths. The soil analysis at deeper depth will help in ascertaining the causes of arsenic contamination due to presence of arseno-pyrites or due to leaching of sustained applications of pesticides & fertilizers. Therefore, in case of absence of arseno-pyrite sediments at deeper depths. Then the best option for provisioning of arsenic free water is deep boring. The active participation of the communities who are the intended beneficiaries of arsenic mitigation is vital for the success of the programme. Lack of awareness and generally unfavorable conditions are also obstacles to mobilizing communities to get the best out of community-based programmes and projects. Therefore, a well designed protocol for alternative water supply has been evolved which will help in provisioning of sustainable arsenic free water.
| Published in |
International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 3-1)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Ground Water Arsenic Contamination and Action Plan for Mitigation |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2015030301.14 |
| Page(s) | 31-42 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Alternative Water Supply, Performance Assessment, Arsenic Removal Technologies
| [1] | Ahmad, J., Golder, B., & Misra, S. (2005). Value of arsenic-free drinking water to rural households in Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Management, 74(2), 173-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.07.011 |
| [2] | Islam ul Haq, Waqas Hanif, Ghalib Hasnain, Shahid Durez (2012), Socio-economic Impacts on Human Life in Arsenic Affected Area of Basti Rasul Pur, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan, Sustainable Agriculture Research; Vol. 1, No. 2; 2012 ISSN 1927-050X E-ISSN 1927-0518 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education |
| [3] | Nahar, N., Hossain, F., & Hossain, M. D. (2008). Health and socio-economic effects of groundwater arsenic contamination in rural Bangladesh: Evidence from Field Surveys. Journal of Environmental Health (in press). |
| [4] | Park, K. (1997). Text book of Preventive and Social medicine. (15th ed.). p. 469. Banarsidas Bhanot Pub. |
| [5] | WHO. (2001). Report of the commission on macroeconomics and health. Geneva. |
| [6] | Md. Akramul Alam et al - Assessment of Dugwell as an Alternative Water Supply Options in Arsenic Affected Areas of Bangladesh, International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 01 |
| [7] | Mustafa Moinuddin, ACDIS Occasional Paper, 2004. Arsenic Contamination as a Threat to Water Security for Bangladesh |
APA Style
Islam-ul-Haque. (2015). Performance Assessment of Installed Arsenic Removal Technologies and Development of Protocol for Alternative Safe Drinking Water Supply Options for Arsenic Hit Areas of Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(3-1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2015030301.14
ACS Style
Islam-ul-Haque. Performance Assessment of Installed Arsenic Removal Technologies and Development of Protocol for Alternative Safe Drinking Water Supply Options for Arsenic Hit Areas of Pakistan. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(3-1), 31-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2015030301.14
AMA Style
Islam-ul-Haque. Performance Assessment of Installed Arsenic Removal Technologies and Development of Protocol for Alternative Safe Drinking Water Supply Options for Arsenic Hit Areas of Pakistan. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(3-1):31-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2015030301.14
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijema.s.2015030301.14,
author = {Islam-ul-Haque},
title = {Performance Assessment of Installed Arsenic Removal Technologies and Development of Protocol for Alternative Safe Drinking Water Supply Options for Arsenic Hit Areas of Pakistan},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
volume = {3},
number = {3-1},
pages = {31-42},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.s.2015030301.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2015030301.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.s.2015030301.14},
abstract = {After identifications of arsenic contamination in Pakistan, lot of technological based arsenic mitigation interventions were carried out which could not last longer due to non-availability of filtration media and running spare parts of arsenic removal tanks units in the local market. The in-depth performance analysis of arsenic removal technology (ART) units, clay pitchers and PUR sachet was carried out which showed un-sustainability of these interventions. The main reasons are lack of awareness, illiteracy and unfavorable socio-economic conditions which make the end users in villages/rural areas the most vulnerable to the adverse impacts of any type of contaminated water and own the installed arsenic removal interventions. Therefore, before taking up any arsenic removal project, it is worthwhile to explore those interventions which are compatible to local socio-economic environments. Deeping boring options have been found best suited, as most of the agricultural practices are dependent on ground water- at shallow depths. The soil analysis at deeper depth will help in ascertaining the causes of arsenic contamination due to presence of arseno-pyrites or due to leaching of sustained applications of pesticides & fertilizers. Therefore, in case of absence of arseno-pyrite sediments at deeper depths. Then the best option for provisioning of arsenic free water is deep boring. The active participation of the communities who are the intended beneficiaries of arsenic mitigation is vital for the success of the programme. Lack of awareness and generally unfavorable conditions are also obstacles to mobilizing communities to get the best out of community-based programmes and projects. Therefore, a well designed protocol for alternative water supply has been evolved which will help in provisioning of sustainable arsenic free water.},
year = {2015}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Performance Assessment of Installed Arsenic Removal Technologies and Development of Protocol for Alternative Safe Drinking Water Supply Options for Arsenic Hit Areas of Pakistan AU - Islam-ul-Haque Y1 - 2015/03/08 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2015030301.14 DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2015030301.14 T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis SP - 31 EP - 42 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7667 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2015030301.14 AB - After identifications of arsenic contamination in Pakistan, lot of technological based arsenic mitigation interventions were carried out which could not last longer due to non-availability of filtration media and running spare parts of arsenic removal tanks units in the local market. The in-depth performance analysis of arsenic removal technology (ART) units, clay pitchers and PUR sachet was carried out which showed un-sustainability of these interventions. The main reasons are lack of awareness, illiteracy and unfavorable socio-economic conditions which make the end users in villages/rural areas the most vulnerable to the adverse impacts of any type of contaminated water and own the installed arsenic removal interventions. Therefore, before taking up any arsenic removal project, it is worthwhile to explore those interventions which are compatible to local socio-economic environments. Deeping boring options have been found best suited, as most of the agricultural practices are dependent on ground water- at shallow depths. The soil analysis at deeper depth will help in ascertaining the causes of arsenic contamination due to presence of arseno-pyrites or due to leaching of sustained applications of pesticides & fertilizers. Therefore, in case of absence of arseno-pyrite sediments at deeper depths. Then the best option for provisioning of arsenic free water is deep boring. The active participation of the communities who are the intended beneficiaries of arsenic mitigation is vital for the success of the programme. Lack of awareness and generally unfavorable conditions are also obstacles to mobilizing communities to get the best out of community-based programmes and projects. Therefore, a well designed protocol for alternative water supply has been evolved which will help in provisioning of sustainable arsenic free water. VL - 3 IS - 3-1 ER -
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