Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review

Djamel Ghernaout; Saad Moulay; Noureddine Ait Messaoudene; Mohamed Aichouni; Mohamed Wahib Naceur; Ahmed Boucherit

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14

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Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review

Djamel Ghernaout, Saad Moulay, Noureddine Ait Messaoudene, Mohamed Aichouni, Mohamed Wahib Naceur, Ahmed Boucherit

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 2, Issue 6-1)

Received: 30 August 2014 Accepted: 6 October 2014 Published: 15 October 2014

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Abstract

Due to health concerns of natural organic matter (NOM) and algae presence in surface water and difficulties encountered in their removal in the water treatment, this paper reviews coagulation and chlorination processes which are largely used in water treatment technology. In the conventional water treatment, coagulation and slow filtration treatments have better efficiency to reduce the NOM in water especially for the hydrophobic portion than the hydrophilic one. However, the pre-chlorination treatment for raw water has been proved to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration due to the lysis of algae cells and disinfection by-products formation. The impact of water treatment processes on disinfection by-products formation remains complex and variable, as demonstrated by recent literature. It is concluded that no pre-, no inter-, only post-chlorination preceded by optimised coagulation for NOM and algae removal is the best available technology for the conventional water treatment which would be reinforced by at least adsorption on powdered activated carbon or nanofiltration in the short terms. Finally, the conventional water treatment will not remain a viable solution for drinking water from source waters containing NOM as their quality deteriorates and water quality standards become more difficult to achieve.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 2, Issue 6-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Science and Treatment Technology
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14
Page(s)	23-34
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coagulation/Chlorination, Natural Organic Matter (NOM), Algae; Disinfection by-Products (DBPs), Water Treatment

References

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Djamel Ghernaout, Saad Moulay, Noureddine Ait Messaoudene, Mohamed Aichouni, Mohamed Wahib Naceur, et al. (2014). Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2(6-1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14

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ACS Style

Djamel Ghernaout; Saad Moulay; Noureddine Ait Messaoudene; Mohamed Aichouni; Mohamed Wahib Naceur, et al. Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 2(6-1), 23-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14

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AMA Style

Djamel Ghernaout, Saad Moulay, Noureddine Ait Messaoudene, Mohamed Aichouni, Mohamed Wahib Naceur, et al. Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2014;2(6-1):23-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14,
  author = {Djamel Ghernaout and Saad Moulay and Noureddine Ait Messaoudene and Mohamed Aichouni and Mohamed Wahib Naceur and Ahmed Boucherit},
  title = {Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6-1},
  pages = {23-34},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.s.2014020601.14},
  abstract = {Due to health concerns of natural organic matter (NOM) and algae presence in surface water and difficulties encountered in their removal in the water treatment, this paper reviews coagulation and chlorination processes which are largely used in water treatment technology. In the conventional water treatment, coagulation and slow filtration treatments have better efficiency to reduce the NOM in water especially for the hydrophobic portion than the hydrophilic one. However, the pre-chlorination treatment for raw water has been proved to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration due to the lysis of algae cells and disinfection by-products formation. The impact of water treatment processes on disinfection by-products formation remains complex and variable, as demonstrated by recent literature. It is concluded that no pre-, no inter-, only post-chlorination preceded by optimised coagulation for NOM and algae removal is the best available technology for the conventional water treatment which would be reinforced by at least adsorption on powdered activated carbon or nanofiltration in the short terms. Finally, the conventional water treatment will not remain a viable solution for drinking water from source waters containing NOM as their quality deteriorates and water quality standards become more difficult to achieve.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review
AU  - Djamel Ghernaout
AU  - Saad Moulay
AU  - Noureddine Ait Messaoudene
AU  - Mohamed Aichouni
AU  - Mohamed Wahib Naceur
AU  - Ahmed Boucherit
Y1  - 2014/10/15
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 23
EP  - 34
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14
AB  - Due to health concerns of natural organic matter (NOM) and algae presence in surface water and difficulties encountered in their removal in the water treatment, this paper reviews coagulation and chlorination processes which are largely used in water treatment technology. In the conventional water treatment, coagulation and slow filtration treatments have better efficiency to reduce the NOM in water especially for the hydrophobic portion than the hydrophilic one. However, the pre-chlorination treatment for raw water has been proved to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration due to the lysis of algae cells and disinfection by-products formation. The impact of water treatment processes on disinfection by-products formation remains complex and variable, as demonstrated by recent literature. It is concluded that no pre-, no inter-, only post-chlorination preceded by optimised coagulation for NOM and algae removal is the best available technology for the conventional water treatment which would be reinforced by at least adsorption on powdered activated carbon or nanofiltration in the short terms. Finally, the conventional water treatment will not remain a viable solution for drinking water from source waters containing NOM as their quality deteriorates and water quality standards become more difficult to achieve.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6-1
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Author Information

Djamel Ghernaout

Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, PO Box 2440, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Saad Moulay

Chemical Engineering Department, Saad Dahlab University of Blida, PO Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
Noureddine Ait Messaoudene

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, PO Box 2440, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Aichouni

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, PO Box 2440, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Wahib Naceur

Chemical Engineering Department, Saad Dahlab University of Blida, PO Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
Ahmed Boucherit

Chemical Engineering Department, Saad Dahlab University of Blida, PO Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria

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Djamel Ghernaout, Saad Moulay, Noureddine Ait Messaoudene, Mohamed Aichouni, Mohamed Wahib Naceur, et al. (2014). Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2(6-1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14

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ACS Style

Djamel Ghernaout; Saad Moulay; Noureddine Ait Messaoudene; Mohamed Aichouni; Mohamed Wahib Naceur, et al. Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 2(6-1), 23-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14

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AMA Style

Djamel Ghernaout, Saad Moulay, Noureddine Ait Messaoudene, Mohamed Aichouni, Mohamed Wahib Naceur, et al. Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2014;2(6-1):23-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14,
  author = {Djamel Ghernaout and Saad Moulay and Noureddine Ait Messaoudene and Mohamed Aichouni and Mohamed Wahib Naceur and Ahmed Boucherit},
  title = {Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6-1},
  pages = {23-34},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.s.2014020601.14},
  abstract = {Due to health concerns of natural organic matter (NOM) and algae presence in surface water and difficulties encountered in their removal in the water treatment, this paper reviews coagulation and chlorination processes which are largely used in water treatment technology. In the conventional water treatment, coagulation and slow filtration treatments have better efficiency to reduce the NOM in water especially for the hydrophobic portion than the hydrophilic one. However, the pre-chlorination treatment for raw water has been proved to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration due to the lysis of algae cells and disinfection by-products formation. The impact of water treatment processes on disinfection by-products formation remains complex and variable, as demonstrated by recent literature. It is concluded that no pre-, no inter-, only post-chlorination preceded by optimised coagulation for NOM and algae removal is the best available technology for the conventional water treatment which would be reinforced by at least adsorption on powdered activated carbon or nanofiltration in the short terms. Finally, the conventional water treatment will not remain a viable solution for drinking water from source waters containing NOM as their quality deteriorates and water quality standards become more difficult to achieve.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review
AU  - Djamel Ghernaout
AU  - Saad Moulay
AU  - Noureddine Ait Messaoudene
AU  - Mohamed Aichouni
AU  - Mohamed Wahib Naceur
AU  - Ahmed Boucherit
Y1  - 2014/10/15
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 23
EP  - 34
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.s.2014020601.14
AB  - Due to health concerns of natural organic matter (NOM) and algae presence in surface water and difficulties encountered in their removal in the water treatment, this paper reviews coagulation and chlorination processes which are largely used in water treatment technology. In the conventional water treatment, coagulation and slow filtration treatments have better efficiency to reduce the NOM in water especially for the hydrophobic portion than the hydrophilic one. However, the pre-chlorination treatment for raw water has been proved to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration due to the lysis of algae cells and disinfection by-products formation. The impact of water treatment processes on disinfection by-products formation remains complex and variable, as demonstrated by recent literature. It is concluded that no pre-, no inter-, only post-chlorination preceded by optimised coagulation for NOM and algae removal is the best available technology for the conventional water treatment which would be reinforced by at least adsorption on powdered activated carbon or nanofiltration in the short terms. Finally, the conventional water treatment will not remain a viable solution for drinking water from source waters containing NOM as their quality deteriorates and water quality standards become more difficult to achieve.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6-1
ER  -

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