Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations

Eliso Kvavadze; Kakhaber Bilashvili

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32

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Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations

Eliso Kvavadze, Kakhaber Bilashvili

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 5-1)

Received: 2 September 2015 Accepted: 2 September 2015 Published: 17 September 2015

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Abstract

The database of palynological studies of marine, lagoon, alluvial and bog sediments of the Black Sea coastline on the territory of Georgia includes 26 profiles of Holocene sediments. Analysis and synthesis of pollen diagrams allowed us to make a stratigraphic subdivision of Holocene sediments and reveal climatic fluctuations for the last 10 000 years. The most informative pollen spectra were those of marine formations with no gaps in sediment accumulation. Three main stages of climate warming have been revealed, reaching a maximum in the periods 6000-5500 BP, 3800-2400 BP and 1350-600 BP. Rather significant warming is indicated for the Middle Ages (7^th -11^th cent. B. C.). In all these periods the Black Sea level on the Georgian coast was some metres higher than previously. During climatic optima new cultures appeared in the Georgian archaeological record. Early agriculture penetrates not only into the middle mountain belt, but also into higher areas.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 5-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Problems of Geography and Anthropology
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32
Page(s)	120-129
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Palynology, Black Sea, Marine Sediments, Database, Palaeoecology

References

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APA Style

Eliso Kvavadze, Kakhaber Bilashvili. (2015). Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations. Earth Sciences, 4(5-1), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32

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ACS Style

Eliso Kvavadze; Kakhaber Bilashvili. Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations. Earth Sci. 2015, 4(5-1), 120-129. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32

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AMA Style

Eliso Kvavadze, Kakhaber Bilashvili. Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations. Earth Sci. 2015;4(5-1):120-129. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32,
  author = {Eliso Kvavadze and Kakhaber Bilashvili},
  title = {Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5-1},
  pages = {120-129},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.s.2015040501.32},
  abstract = {The database of palynological studies of marine, lagoon, alluvial and bog sediments of the Black Sea coastline on the territory of Georgia includes 26 profiles of Holocene sediments. Analysis and synthesis of pollen diagrams allowed us to make a stratigraphic subdivision of Holocene sediments and reveal climatic fluctuations for the last 10 000 years. The most informative pollen spectra were those of marine formations with no gaps in sediment accumulation. Three main stages of climate warming have been revealed, reaching a maximum in the periods 6000-5500 BP, 3800-2400 BP and 1350-600 BP. Rather significant warming is indicated for the Middle Ages (7th -11th cent. B. C.). In all these periods the Black Sea level on the Georgian coast was some metres higher than previously. During climatic optima new cultures appeared in the Georgian archaeological record. Early agriculture penetrates not only into the middle mountain belt, but also into higher areas.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations
AU  - Eliso Kvavadze
AU  - Kakhaber Bilashvili
Y1  - 2015/09/17
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 120
EP  - 129
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32
AB  - The database of palynological studies of marine, lagoon, alluvial and bog sediments of the Black Sea coastline on the territory of Georgia includes 26 profiles of Holocene sediments. Analysis and synthesis of pollen diagrams allowed us to make a stratigraphic subdivision of Holocene sediments and reveal climatic fluctuations for the last 10 000 years. The most informative pollen spectra were those of marine formations with no gaps in sediment accumulation. Three main stages of climate warming have been revealed, reaching a maximum in the periods 6000-5500 BP, 3800-2400 BP and 1350-600 BP. Rather significant warming is indicated for the Middle Ages (7th -11th cent. B. C.). In all these periods the Black Sea level on the Georgian coast was some metres higher than previously. During climatic optima new cultures appeared in the Georgian archaeological record. Early agriculture penetrates not only into the middle mountain belt, but also into higher areas.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5-1
ER  -

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Author Information

Eliso Kvavadze

Institute of Palaeobiology of Georgian National Museum, Potochnay-Niagvris Tbilisi, Georgia
Kakhaber Bilashvili

Iv.Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Tbilisi, Georgia

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APA Style

Eliso Kvavadze, Kakhaber Bilashvili. (2015). Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations. Earth Sciences, 4(5-1), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32

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ACS Style

Eliso Kvavadze; Kakhaber Bilashvili. Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations. Earth Sci. 2015, 4(5-1), 120-129. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32

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AMA Style

Eliso Kvavadze, Kakhaber Bilashvili. Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations. Earth Sci. 2015;4(5-1):120-129. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32,
  author = {Eliso Kvavadze and Kakhaber Bilashvili},
  title = {Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5-1},
  pages = {120-129},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.s.2015040501.32},
  abstract = {The database of palynological studies of marine, lagoon, alluvial and bog sediments of the Black Sea coastline on the territory of Georgia includes 26 profiles of Holocene sediments. Analysis and synthesis of pollen diagrams allowed us to make a stratigraphic subdivision of Holocene sediments and reveal climatic fluctuations for the last 10 000 years. The most informative pollen spectra were those of marine formations with no gaps in sediment accumulation. Three main stages of climate warming have been revealed, reaching a maximum in the periods 6000-5500 BP, 3800-2400 BP and 1350-600 BP. Rather significant warming is indicated for the Middle Ages (7th -11th cent. B. C.). In all these periods the Black Sea level on the Georgian coast was some metres higher than previously. During climatic optima new cultures appeared in the Georgian archaeological record. Early agriculture penetrates not only into the middle mountain belt, but also into higher areas.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Identification of Anthropological Landscapes and Human Activity in Georgia in Correlation with Holocene Black Sea Level Fluctuations
AU  - Eliso Kvavadze
AU  - Kakhaber Bilashvili
Y1  - 2015/09/17
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32
DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32
T2  - Earth Sciences
JF  - Earth Sciences
JO  - Earth Sciences
SP  - 120
EP  - 129
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.s.2015040501.32
AB  - The database of palynological studies of marine, lagoon, alluvial and bog sediments of the Black Sea coastline on the territory of Georgia includes 26 profiles of Holocene sediments. Analysis and synthesis of pollen diagrams allowed us to make a stratigraphic subdivision of Holocene sediments and reveal climatic fluctuations for the last 10 000 years. The most informative pollen spectra were those of marine formations with no gaps in sediment accumulation. Three main stages of climate warming have been revealed, reaching a maximum in the periods 6000-5500 BP, 3800-2400 BP and 1350-600 BP. Rather significant warming is indicated for the Middle Ages (7th -11th cent. B. C.). In all these periods the Black Sea level on the Georgian coast was some metres higher than previously. During climatic optima new cultures appeared in the Georgian archaeological record. Early agriculture penetrates not only into the middle mountain belt, but also into higher areas.
VL  - 4
IS  - 5-1
ER  -

Copy | Download