Cenozoic Eruptive Stratigraphy and Structure in Taiz area of Yemen

Abdul-Hamid Malek; Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana; Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13

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Cenozoic Eruptive Stratigraphy and Structure in Taiz area of Yemen

Abdul-Hamid Malek, Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana, Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 3 June 2014 Accepted: 26 June 2014 Published: 10 July 2014

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Abstract

The present study focuses on the field description of a bimodal volcanic rock centre and fault types present in Taiz area located in the southern part of Yemen. Taiz area serves as one of the key areas to understand the Afro-Arabian bimodal volcanism and the emplacement of Afar plume and the relationship between extension tectonics and magmatism. Taiz area comprises bimodal volcanic rocks encompassing mafic and silicic lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. The lava flows were erupted in five phases – three major basic and two acid phases. Lower basalt sequence (Tb1) is the oldest and main phase of flood basalt volcanism, formed as part of a wide spread volcanism within the Afro-Arabian region. This is followed by lower silicic sequence phase (Tr1) consisting of varied assortment of lithologies such as rhyolite flows with subordinate ignimbrites, welded ash, pyroclastic breccia, and random pumice and obsidian. The middle basalt sequence phase (Tb2) has been formed from the flows fed by fissure-dyke systems and separated from Tr1 by red colored weathering band of saprolitic bole (paleosol). The latest silicic sequence phase (Tr2) with limited exposures in the region, comprises rhyolitic plug domes, rhyolitic lava flows and locally welded and unwelded volcaniclastic deposits. In places, the silicic volcanic rocks have been diagenetically altered to bentonitic clay minerals and zeolites. The youngest phase of volcanic rocks represented by the basaltic rocks in the region (Tb3) is exposed in few outcrops along the southeastern slope of the mapped area and conformably capping the Tr2. It includes the basaltic flows intercalated with mafic conglomerate and tuff layers. The study area has been subjected to tensional tectonic regime throughout much of the Tertiary and extensions led to volcanism, granitic rock intrusions and formation of structural elements such as normal faults and deep joints. NW, NE, and E-W are the three major trends of faults recognized and these are related to the progressive rifting of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.

Published in	Earth Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13
Page(s)	85-96
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Yemen Volcanic Group (YVG), Taiz Area, Basalt, Bimodal Volcanism, Saber Granite

References

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Abdul-Hamid Malek, Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana, Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi. (2014). Cenozoic Eruptive Stratigraphy and Structure in Taiz area of Yemen. Earth Sciences, 3(3), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13

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ACS Style

Abdul-Hamid Malek; Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana; Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi. Cenozoic Eruptive Stratigraphy and Structure in Taiz area of Yemen. Earth Sci. 2014, 3(3), 85-96. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13

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AMA Style

Abdul-Hamid Malek, Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana, Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi. Cenozoic Eruptive Stratigraphy and Structure in Taiz area of Yemen. Earth Sci. 2014;3(3):85-96. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13

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@article{10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13,
  author = {Abdul-Hamid Malek and Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana and Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi},
  title = {Cenozoic Eruptive Stratigraphy and Structure in Taiz area of Yemen},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {85-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20140303.13},
  abstract = {The present study focuses on the field description of a bimodal volcanic rock centre and fault types present in Taiz area located in the southern part of Yemen. Taiz area serves as one of the key areas to understand the Afro-Arabian bimodal volcanism and the emplacement of Afar plume and the relationship between extension tectonics and magmatism. Taiz area comprises bimodal volcanic rocks encompassing mafic and silicic lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. The lava flows were erupted in five phases – three major basic and two acid phases. Lower basalt sequence (Tb1) is the oldest and main phase of flood basalt volcanism, formed as part of a wide spread volcanism within the Afro-Arabian region. This is followed by lower silicic sequence phase (Tr1) consisting of varied assortment of lithologies such as rhyolite flows with subordinate ignimbrites, welded ash, pyroclastic breccia, and random pumice and obsidian. The middle basalt sequence phase (Tb2) has been formed from the flows fed by fissure-dyke systems and separated from Tr1 by red colored weathering band of saprolitic bole (paleosol). The latest silicic sequence phase (Tr2) with limited exposures in the region, comprises rhyolitic plug domes, rhyolitic lava flows and locally welded and unwelded volcaniclastic deposits. In places, the silicic volcanic rocks have been diagenetically altered to bentonitic clay minerals and zeolites. The youngest phase of volcanic rocks represented by the basaltic rocks in the region (Tb3) is exposed in few outcrops along the southeastern slope of the mapped area and conformably capping the Tr2. It includes the basaltic flows intercalated with mafic conglomerate and tuff layers. The study area has been subjected to tensional tectonic regime throughout much of the Tertiary and extensions led to volcanism, granitic rock intrusions and formation of structural elements such as normal faults and deep joints. NW, NE, and E-W are the three major trends of faults recognized and these are related to the progressive rifting of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Cenozoic Eruptive Stratigraphy and Structure in Taiz area of Yemen
AU - Abdul-Hamid Malek
AU - Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana
AU - Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi
Y1 - 2014/07/10
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13
DO - 10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13
T2 - Earth Sciences
JF - Earth Sciences
JO - Earth Sciences
SP - 85
EP - 96
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-5982
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13
AB - The present study focuses on the field description of a bimodal volcanic rock centre and fault types present in Taiz area located in the southern part of Yemen. Taiz area serves as one of the key areas to understand the Afro-Arabian bimodal volcanism and the emplacement of Afar plume and the relationship between extension tectonics and magmatism. Taiz area comprises bimodal volcanic rocks encompassing mafic and silicic lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. The lava flows were erupted in five phases – three major basic and two acid phases. Lower basalt sequence (Tb1) is the oldest and main phase of flood basalt volcanism, formed as part of a wide spread volcanism within the Afro-Arabian region. This is followed by lower silicic sequence phase (Tr1) consisting of varied assortment of lithologies such as rhyolite flows with subordinate ignimbrites, welded ash, pyroclastic breccia, and random pumice and obsidian. The middle basalt sequence phase (Tb2) has been formed from the flows fed by fissure-dyke systems and separated from Tr1 by red colored weathering band of saprolitic bole (paleosol). The latest silicic sequence phase (Tr2) with limited exposures in the region, comprises rhyolitic plug domes, rhyolitic lava flows and locally welded and unwelded volcaniclastic deposits. In places, the silicic volcanic rocks have been diagenetically altered to bentonitic clay minerals and zeolites. The youngest phase of volcanic rocks represented by the basaltic rocks in the region (Tb3) is exposed in few outcrops along the southeastern slope of the mapped area and conformably capping the Tr2. It includes the basaltic flows intercalated with mafic conglomerate and tuff layers. The study area has been subjected to tensional tectonic regime throughout much of the Tertiary and extensions led to volcanism, granitic rock intrusions and formation of structural elements such as normal faults and deep joints. NW, NE, and E-W are the three major trends of faults recognized and these are related to the progressive rifting of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
VL - 3
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Abdul-Hamid Malek

Department of Geology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana

Department of Earth Science & Resources Management, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysore-570005, India
Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi

Department of Earth Science & Resources Management, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Mysore-570005, India

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APA Style

Abdul-Hamid Malek, Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana, Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi. (2014). Cenozoic Eruptive Stratigraphy and Structure in Taiz area of Yemen. Earth Sciences, 3(3), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13

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ACS Style

Abdul-Hamid Malek; Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana; Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi. Cenozoic Eruptive Stratigraphy and Structure in Taiz area of Yemen. Earth Sci. 2014, 3(3), 85-96. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13

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AMA Style

Abdul-Hamid Malek, Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana, Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi. Cenozoic Eruptive Stratigraphy and Structure in Taiz area of Yemen. Earth Sci. 2014;3(3):85-96. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13,
  author = {Abdul-Hamid Malek and Mysore Ramachandraiah Janardhana and Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi},
  title = {Cenozoic Eruptive Stratigraphy and Structure in Taiz area of Yemen},
  journal = {Earth Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {85-96},
  doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20140303.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20140303.13},
  abstract = {The present study focuses on the field description of a bimodal volcanic rock centre and fault types present in Taiz area located in the southern part of Yemen. Taiz area serves as one of the key areas to understand the Afro-Arabian bimodal volcanism and the emplacement of Afar plume and the relationship between extension tectonics and magmatism. Taiz area comprises bimodal volcanic rocks encompassing mafic and silicic lava flows and pyroclastic rocks. The lava flows were erupted in five phases – three major basic and two acid phases. Lower basalt sequence (Tb1) is the oldest and main phase of flood basalt volcanism, formed as part of a wide spread volcanism within the Afro-Arabian region. This is followed by lower silicic sequence phase (Tr1) consisting of varied assortment of lithologies such as rhyolite flows with subordinate ignimbrites, welded ash, pyroclastic breccia, and random pumice and obsidian. The middle basalt sequence phase (Tb2) has been formed from the flows fed by fissure-dyke systems and separated from Tr1 by red colored weathering band of saprolitic bole (paleosol). The latest silicic sequence phase (Tr2) with limited exposures in the region, comprises rhyolitic plug domes, rhyolitic lava flows and locally welded and unwelded volcaniclastic deposits. In places, the silicic volcanic rocks have been diagenetically altered to bentonitic clay minerals and zeolites. The youngest phase of volcanic rocks represented by the basaltic rocks in the region (Tb3) is exposed in few outcrops along the southeastern slope of the mapped area and conformably capping the Tr2. It includes the basaltic flows intercalated with mafic conglomerate and tuff layers. The study area has been subjected to tensional tectonic regime throughout much of the Tertiary and extensions led to volcanism, granitic rock intrusions and formation of structural elements such as normal faults and deep joints. NW, NE, and E-W are the three major trends of faults recognized and these are related to the progressive rifting of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.},
 year = {2014}
}

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