Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor; Angela Ine Frank-Briggs; Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor, Angela Ine Frank-Briggs, Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh

Published in American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 2 February 2015 Accepted: 11 February 2015 Published: 28 February 2015

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Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood and one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting school-aged children. With varying prevalence rates around the world, this study seeks to determine the prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria. It was a school – based descriptive cross sectional study using the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale. A two – staged stratified sampling technique was used to recruit pupils aged 4 – 18 years from four selected primary schools. A total of 884 pupils were studied, consisting of 452 (51.1%) males and 432 (48.9%) females. Seven (0.8%) had ADHD, out of which 6 (85.7%) had predominantly inattentive, 2 (28.6%) had predominantly hyperactive-impulsive and 1 (14.3%) had the combined subtype. Four (0.9%) out of 432 females compared to 3 (0.7%) out of 452 males had ADHD (p = 0.475). Six (1.2%) out of the 483 pupils equal to or above 10 years of age had ADHD compared to 1 (0.2%) out of the 401 pupils less than 10 years of age (p = 0.098). Oppositional & Conduct disorders and Anxiety / Depression were found to be more prevalent in children with ADHD (42.9% vs. 16.3% and 28.6% vs. 10.5% respectively). The study showed that ADHD does occur in children in Southern Nigeria and is associated with other psychiatric co-morbidities as in other parts of the world.

Published in	American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12
Page(s)	23-29
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Inattention, Impulsive, School Children, Nigeria

References

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[8]	Adewuya AO, Famuyiwa OO. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among Nigerian primary school children: prevalence and co-morbid conditions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Feb; 16(1): 10-5.
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[15]	Juneja M, Sairam S, Jain R. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescent School Children. Indian Pediatr 2014;51: 151-152.
[16]	Venkata JA, Panicker AS. Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in primary school children. Indian J Psychiatry 2013; 55: 338-42.
[17]	Bakare MO. Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and disorder (ADHD) among African children: a review of epidemiology and co-morbidities. Afr J Psychiatry. 2012; 15:358-361.
[18]	Brown RT, Freeman WS, Perrin JM, et al. Prevalence and assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in primary care settings. Pediatrics 2001; 107: E43.
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APA Style

Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor, Angela Ine Frank-Briggs, Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh. (2015). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 3(2), 23-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12

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ACS Style

Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor; Angela Ine Frank-Briggs; Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2015, 3(2), 23-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12

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AMA Style

Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor, Angela Ine Frank-Briggs, Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2015;3(2):23-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12,
  author = {Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor and Angela Ine Frank-Briggs and Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh},
  title = {Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {23-29},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20150302.12},
  abstract = {Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood and one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting school-aged children. With varying prevalence rates around the world, this study seeks to determine the prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria. It was a school – based descriptive cross sectional study using the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale. A two – staged stratified sampling technique was used to recruit pupils aged 4 – 18 years from four selected primary schools. A total of 884 pupils were studied, consisting of 452 (51.1%) males and 432 (48.9%) females. Seven (0.8%) had ADHD, out of which 6 (85.7%) had predominantly inattentive, 2 (28.6%) had predominantly hyperactive-impulsive and 1 (14.3%) had the combined subtype. Four (0.9%) out of 432 females compared to 3 (0.7%) out of 452 males had ADHD (p = 0.475). Six (1.2%) out of the 483 pupils equal to or above 10 years of age had ADHD compared to 1 (0.2%) out of the 401 pupils less than 10 years of age (p = 0.098). Oppositional & Conduct disorders and Anxiety / Depression were found to be more prevalent in children with ADHD (42.9% vs. 16.3% and 28.6% vs. 10.5% respectively). The study showed that ADHD does occur in children in Southern Nigeria and is associated with other psychiatric co-morbidities as in other parts of the world.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
AU  - Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor
AU  - Angela Ine Frank-Briggs
AU  - Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh
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N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12
T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
SP  - 23
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-426X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12
AB  - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood and one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting school-aged children. With varying prevalence rates around the world, this study seeks to determine the prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria. It was a school – based descriptive cross sectional study using the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale. A two – staged stratified sampling technique was used to recruit pupils aged 4 – 18 years from four selected primary schools. A total of 884 pupils were studied, consisting of 452 (51.1%) males and 432 (48.9%) females. Seven (0.8%) had ADHD, out of which 6 (85.7%) had predominantly inattentive, 2 (28.6%) had predominantly hyperactive-impulsive and 1 (14.3%) had the combined subtype. Four (0.9%) out of 432 females compared to 3 (0.7%) out of 452 males had ADHD (p = 0.475). Six (1.2%) out of the 483 pupils equal to or above 10 years of age had ADHD compared to 1 (0.2%) out of the 401 pupils less than 10 years of age (p = 0.098). Oppositional & Conduct disorders and Anxiety / Depression were found to be more prevalent in children with ADHD (42.9% vs. 16.3% and 28.6% vs. 10.5% respectively). The study showed that ADHD does occur in children in Southern Nigeria and is associated with other psychiatric co-morbidities as in other parts of the world.
VL  - 3
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Author Information

Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor

Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Angela Ine Frank-Briggs

Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh

Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor, Angela Ine Frank-Briggs, Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh. (2015). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 3(2), 23-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12

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ACS Style

Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor; Angela Ine Frank-Briggs; Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2015, 3(2), 23-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12

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AMA Style

Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor, Angela Ine Frank-Briggs, Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2015;3(2):23-29. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12,
  author = {Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor and Angela Ine Frank-Briggs and Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh},
  title = {Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {23-29},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20150302.12},
  abstract = {Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood and one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting school-aged children. With varying prevalence rates around the world, this study seeks to determine the prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria. It was a school – based descriptive cross sectional study using the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale. A two – staged stratified sampling technique was used to recruit pupils aged 4 – 18 years from four selected primary schools. A total of 884 pupils were studied, consisting of 452 (51.1%) males and 432 (48.9%) females. Seven (0.8%) had ADHD, out of which 6 (85.7%) had predominantly inattentive, 2 (28.6%) had predominantly hyperactive-impulsive and 1 (14.3%) had the combined subtype. Four (0.9%) out of 432 females compared to 3 (0.7%) out of 452 males had ADHD (p = 0.475). Six (1.2%) out of the 483 pupils equal to or above 10 years of age had ADHD compared to 1 (0.2%) out of the 401 pupils less than 10 years of age (p = 0.098). Oppositional & Conduct disorders and Anxiety / Depression were found to be more prevalent in children with ADHD (42.9% vs. 16.3% and 28.6% vs. 10.5% respectively). The study showed that ADHD does occur in children in Southern Nigeria and is associated with other psychiatric co-morbidities as in other parts of the world.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among School Children in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
AU  - Edward Achinike Daniel Alikor
AU  - Angela Ine Frank-Briggs
AU  - Boma Alali Ngozi Okoh
Y1  - 2015/02/28
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12
T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
SP  - 23
EP  - 29
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-426X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20150302.12
AB  - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood and one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions affecting school-aged children. With varying prevalence rates around the world, this study seeks to determine the prevalence of ADHD in primary school children in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria. It was a school – based descriptive cross sectional study using the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Teacher Rating Scale. A two – staged stratified sampling technique was used to recruit pupils aged 4 – 18 years from four selected primary schools. A total of 884 pupils were studied, consisting of 452 (51.1%) males and 432 (48.9%) females. Seven (0.8%) had ADHD, out of which 6 (85.7%) had predominantly inattentive, 2 (28.6%) had predominantly hyperactive-impulsive and 1 (14.3%) had the combined subtype. Four (0.9%) out of 432 females compared to 3 (0.7%) out of 452 males had ADHD (p = 0.475). Six (1.2%) out of the 483 pupils equal to or above 10 years of age had ADHD compared to 1 (0.2%) out of the 401 pupils less than 10 years of age (p = 0.098). Oppositional & Conduct disorders and Anxiety / Depression were found to be more prevalent in children with ADHD (42.9% vs. 16.3% and 28.6% vs. 10.5% respectively). The study showed that ADHD does occur in children in Southern Nigeria and is associated with other psychiatric co-morbidities as in other parts of the world.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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