Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler; Bassey Enya Bassey

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler, Bassey Enya Bassey

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 24 February 2015 Accepted: 4 March 2015 Published: 11 March 2015

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Abstract

Globalisation and technology especially in the area of antimicrobial chemotherapy have greatly improved the quality of health care in both the veterinary and the public settings. Nonetheless, irrational use of antibiotics has considerably encouraged the development of antimicrobial resistance. This present study was aimed at determining the sources within the poultry production setting that are significantly responsible in the development and spread of antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella. A total of 374 samples were collected from poultry environment sources (170), from poultry bird themselves (136) and from poultry personnel sources (68) in Calabar within the period of August 2013 and May 2014. The isolation of Salmonella was in accordance with the ISO 6579:2002 and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method involving 12 antibiotic disks (HDx). The paired sample t-test was used to determine the significant differences in the resistance of Salmonella species from the poultry sources against the antibiotics used in this study at 95% confidence level. The Salmonella isolates exhibited the highest rate of resistance against Ampicilin-10 µg (72.9%) and the least against Gentamicin-10 µg (1.4%). All the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to Chloramphenicol-30, Ciprofloxacine-5 µg and Imipenem-10 µg and hence the most sensitive. Majority (68.8%) exhibited resistance against more than one type of antibiotics hence revealing a high rate of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains. The results of the paired sample t-test revealed that the development and spread of resistance against antibiotics was significantly dependent on the poultry environment sources and therefore should serve as important targets for prevention measures.

Published in	American Journal of Health Research (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14
Page(s)	76-81
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Salmonella, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Multidrug Resistance

References

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APA Style

Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler, Bassey Enya Bassey. (2015). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. American Journal of Health Research, 3(2), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14

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ACS Style

Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler; Bassey Enya Bassey. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Am. J. Health Res. 2015, 3(2), 76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14

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AMA Style

Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler, Bassey Enya Bassey. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Am J Health Res. 2015;3(2):76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14,
  author = {Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler and Bassey Enya Bassey},
  title = {Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {76-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20150302.14},
  abstract = {Globalisation and technology especially in the area of antimicrobial chemotherapy have greatly improved the quality of health care in both the veterinary and the public settings. Nonetheless, irrational use of antibiotics has considerably encouraged the development of antimicrobial resistance. This present study was aimed at determining the sources within the poultry production setting that are significantly responsible in the development and spread of antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella. A total of 374 samples were collected from poultry environment sources (170), from poultry bird themselves (136) and from poultry personnel sources (68) in Calabar within the period of August 2013 and May 2014. The isolation of Salmonella was in accordance with the ISO 6579:2002 and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method involving 12 antibiotic disks (HDx). The paired sample t-test was used to determine the significant differences in the resistance of Salmonella species from the poultry sources against the antibiotics used in this study at 95% confidence level. The Salmonella isolates exhibited the highest rate of resistance against Ampicilin-10 µg (72.9%) and the least against Gentamicin-10 µg (1.4%). All the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to Chloramphenicol-30, Ciprofloxacine-5 µg and Imipenem-10 µg and hence the most sensitive. Majority (68.8%) exhibited resistance against more than one type of antibiotics hence revealing a high rate of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains. The results of the paired sample t-test revealed that the development and spread of resistance against antibiotics was significantly dependent on the poultry environment sources and therefore should serve as important targets for prevention measures.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
AU  - Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler
AU  - Bassey Enya Bassey
Y1  - 2015/03/11
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 76
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14
AB  - Globalisation and technology especially in the area of antimicrobial chemotherapy have greatly improved the quality of health care in both the veterinary and the public settings. Nonetheless, irrational use of antibiotics has considerably encouraged the development of antimicrobial resistance. This present study was aimed at determining the sources within the poultry production setting that are significantly responsible in the development and spread of antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella. A total of 374 samples were collected from poultry environment sources (170), from poultry bird themselves (136) and from poultry personnel sources (68) in Calabar within the period of August 2013 and May 2014. The isolation of Salmonella was in accordance with the ISO 6579:2002 and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method involving 12 antibiotic disks (HDx). The paired sample t-test was used to determine the significant differences in the resistance of Salmonella species from the poultry sources against the antibiotics used in this study at 95% confidence level. The Salmonella isolates exhibited the highest rate of resistance against Ampicilin-10 µg (72.9%) and the least against Gentamicin-10 µg (1.4%). All the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to Chloramphenicol-30, Ciprofloxacine-5 µg and Imipenem-10 µg and hence the most sensitive. Majority (68.8%) exhibited resistance against more than one type of antibiotics hence revealing a high rate of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains. The results of the paired sample t-test revealed that the development and spread of resistance against antibiotics was significantly dependent on the poultry environment sources and therefore should serve as important targets for prevention measures.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Bassey Enya Bassey

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

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APA Style

Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler, Bassey Enya Bassey. (2015). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. American Journal of Health Research, 3(2), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14

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ACS Style

Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler; Bassey Enya Bassey. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Am. J. Health Res. 2015, 3(2), 76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14

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AMA Style

Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler, Bassey Enya Bassey. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Am J Health Res. 2015;3(2):76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14,
  author = {Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler and Bassey Enya Bassey},
  title = {Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {76-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20150302.14},
  abstract = {Globalisation and technology especially in the area of antimicrobial chemotherapy have greatly improved the quality of health care in both the veterinary and the public settings. Nonetheless, irrational use of antibiotics has considerably encouraged the development of antimicrobial resistance. This present study was aimed at determining the sources within the poultry production setting that are significantly responsible in the development and spread of antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella. A total of 374 samples were collected from poultry environment sources (170), from poultry bird themselves (136) and from poultry personnel sources (68) in Calabar within the period of August 2013 and May 2014. The isolation of Salmonella was in accordance with the ISO 6579:2002 and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method involving 12 antibiotic disks (HDx). The paired sample t-test was used to determine the significant differences in the resistance of Salmonella species from the poultry sources against the antibiotics used in this study at 95% confidence level. The Salmonella isolates exhibited the highest rate of resistance against Ampicilin-10 µg (72.9%) and the least against Gentamicin-10 µg (1.4%). All the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to Chloramphenicol-30, Ciprofloxacine-5 µg and Imipenem-10 µg and hence the most sensitive. Majority (68.8%) exhibited resistance against more than one type of antibiotics hence revealing a high rate of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains. The results of the paired sample t-test revealed that the development and spread of resistance against antibiotics was significantly dependent on the poultry environment sources and therefore should serve as important targets for prevention measures.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Species from Sources in Poultry Production Settings in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
AU  - Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler
AU  - Bassey Enya Bassey
Y1  - 2015/03/11
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 76
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150302.14
AB  - Globalisation and technology especially in the area of antimicrobial chemotherapy have greatly improved the quality of health care in both the veterinary and the public settings. Nonetheless, irrational use of antibiotics has considerably encouraged the development of antimicrobial resistance. This present study was aimed at determining the sources within the poultry production setting that are significantly responsible in the development and spread of antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella. A total of 374 samples were collected from poultry environment sources (170), from poultry bird themselves (136) and from poultry personnel sources (68) in Calabar within the period of August 2013 and May 2014. The isolation of Salmonella was in accordance with the ISO 6579:2002 and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method involving 12 antibiotic disks (HDx). The paired sample t-test was used to determine the significant differences in the resistance of Salmonella species from the poultry sources against the antibiotics used in this study at 95% confidence level. The Salmonella isolates exhibited the highest rate of resistance against Ampicilin-10 µg (72.9%) and the least against Gentamicin-10 µg (1.4%). All the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to Chloramphenicol-30, Ciprofloxacine-5 µg and Imipenem-10 µg and hence the most sensitive. Majority (68.8%) exhibited resistance against more than one type of antibiotics hence revealing a high rate of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains. The results of the paired sample t-test revealed that the development and spread of resistance against antibiotics was significantly dependent on the poultry environment sources and therefore should serve as important targets for prevention measures.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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