Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen

Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa; Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15

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Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen

Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa, Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4-1)

Received: 17 March 2015 Accepted: 28 March 2015 Published: 23 April 2015

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Abstract

It was demonstrated that the oral vaccine application of Salmonella typhi antigen can activate low antibody agglutinin titer (mean:40±0) comparing with high agglutination titer induced by Intramuscular administration of Salmonella typhi antigen (mean 560.0 ± 51.64) as well as anti-Salmonella typhi IgG ELIZA shows high mean index value(mean = 0.6957±0.10) comparing with the low index value induced by oral rout were (mean= 0.028±0.014) while anti Salmonella typhi IgM ELIZA test show mean index value = 0.6339±0.0385 comparing with low IgM index value (mean= 0.1560±0.070) induced by oral rout (Rsquared 0.7457, t test 3.3. The pro –inflammatory cytokines IL-1α was high in intramuscular rout 217.089±39.78 than its concentration with in oral administrated group (100.4±12.09), IL-12 was about the same concentration both in oral rout and intramuscular rout subsequently (23.607 and 23.17) p value 0.01, R squared (0.3958).However the immune responses were not absolutely absent in the oral administrated group, this reflect the fact that there is a selectivity in taking oral antigens from digestive mucosal surfaces but this immune feature and selectivity theme may vary from antigen to another. In conclusion the recent and ongoing expansion of a new information about the mucosal and systemic immune responses lend a promise to provide the tools needed to exploit the full potential and development of both mucosal and intramuscular vaccines.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Immunity
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15
Page(s)	13-16
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Oral Tolerance, Systemic Immune Response, Intramuscular Rout

References

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[4]	Staats H F, McGee JR1996 ,Principles of Mucosal Vaccination. In, Kiyono H, Ogra P L, McGee, J R, eds, Mucosal Vaccines, Academic Press, London, 15- 33.
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[7]	Marth T, Strober W, Kelsall BL. 1996.High dose oral tolerance in ovalbumin TCR-transgenic mice: systemic neutralization of IL-12 augments TGF-beta secretion and T cell apoptosis. J Immunol. 15;157(6):2348-57.
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[15]	-Barone K S, Tolarova D D, Ormsby I, Doetschman T, Michael J G. 1998. Induction of oral tolerance in TGF-β1 null mice. J Immunol. 161:154–160.
[16]	Mowat A M, Weiner H L. Oral tolerance: physiological basis and clinical applications.1999. In: Ogra P L, Mestecky J, Lamm M E, Strober W, Bienenstock J, McGhee J R, editors. Mucosal immunology. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y: Academic Press; pp. 587–618.
[17]	Mason KL, Huffnagle GB, Noverr MC, Kao JY. 2008. Overview of gut immunology. AdvExp Med Biol. 2008; 635:1-14. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-09550-9_1.
[18]	Jasvir S J, Mark J P ,Suman G, Laura K. Phillip W. Marry E B, and Steven D L, Lucill L. 2012. Salivary glands act as mucosal inductive sites via the formation of ectopic germinal centers after site-restricted MCMV infection. J.FASEB, 25(5): 1680-1696.
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APA Style

Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa, Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi. (2015). Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 3(4-1), 13-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15

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ACS Style

Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa; Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi. Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2015, 3(4-1), 13-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15

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AMA Style

Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa, Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi. Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2015;3(4-1):13-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15,
  author = {Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa and Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi},
  title = {Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4-1},
  pages = {13-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15},
  abstract = {It was demonstrated that the oral vaccine application of Salmonella typhi antigen can activate low antibody agglutinin titer (mean:40±0) comparing with high agglutination titer induced by Intramuscular administration  of Salmonella typhi antigen (mean 560.0 ± 51.64) as well as anti-Salmonella typhi IgG ELIZA shows high mean index value(mean = 0.6957±0.10) comparing with the low index value  induced by oral rout were (mean= 0.028±0.014) while anti Salmonella typhi IgM ELIZA test show mean index value = 0.6339±0.0385 comparing with low IgM index value (mean= 0.1560±0.070) induced by oral rout (Rsquared 0.7457, t test 3.3. The pro –inflammatory cytokines IL-1α was high in intramuscular rout 217.089±39.78 than its concentration with in oral administrated group (100.4±12.09), IL-12  was about  the same concentration both in oral rout and intramuscular rout subsequently (23.607 and 23.17) p value 0.01, R squared (0.3958).However the immune responses were  not absolutely absent in the oral administrated group, this reflect the fact that there is a selectivity in taking oral antigens from digestive mucosal surfaces but this immune feature and selectivity theme  may vary from antigen to another. In conclusion the recent and ongoing expansion of  a new information about the mucosal and  systemic immune responses lend a promise to provide the tools needed to exploit the full potential and development of both mucosal and intramuscular vaccines.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen
AU  - Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa
AU  - Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi
Y1  - 2015/04/23
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 13
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15
AB  - It was demonstrated that the oral vaccine application of Salmonella typhi antigen can activate low antibody agglutinin titer (mean:40±0) comparing with high agglutination titer induced by Intramuscular administration  of Salmonella typhi antigen (mean 560.0 ± 51.64) as well as anti-Salmonella typhi IgG ELIZA shows high mean index value(mean = 0.6957±0.10) comparing with the low index value  induced by oral rout were (mean= 0.028±0.014) while anti Salmonella typhi IgM ELIZA test show mean index value = 0.6339±0.0385 comparing with low IgM index value (mean= 0.1560±0.070) induced by oral rout (Rsquared 0.7457, t test 3.3. The pro –inflammatory cytokines IL-1α was high in intramuscular rout 217.089±39.78 than its concentration with in oral administrated group (100.4±12.09), IL-12  was about  the same concentration both in oral rout and intramuscular rout subsequently (23.607 and 23.17) p value 0.01, R squared (0.3958).However the immune responses were  not absolutely absent in the oral administrated group, this reflect the fact that there is a selectivity in taking oral antigens from digestive mucosal surfaces but this immune feature and selectivity theme  may vary from antigen to another. In conclusion the recent and ongoing expansion of  a new information about the mucosal and  systemic immune responses lend a promise to provide the tools needed to exploit the full potential and development of both mucosal and intramuscular vaccines.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4-1
ER  -

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Author Information

Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa

College of Biotechnology, Al-Kasim University, Babylon Province, Iraq
Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi

Medical Science Department, College of Nursing, Babylon University, Babylon Province, Iraq

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Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa, Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi. (2015). Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 3(4-1), 13-16. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15

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ACS Style

Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa; Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi. Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2015, 3(4-1), 13-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15

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AMA Style

Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa, Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi. Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2015;3(4-1):13-16. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15,
  author = {Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa and Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi},
  title = {Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4-1},
  pages = {13-16},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15},
  abstract = {It was demonstrated that the oral vaccine application of Salmonella typhi antigen can activate low antibody agglutinin titer (mean:40±0) comparing with high agglutination titer induced by Intramuscular administration  of Salmonella typhi antigen (mean 560.0 ± 51.64) as well as anti-Salmonella typhi IgG ELIZA shows high mean index value(mean = 0.6957±0.10) comparing with the low index value  induced by oral rout were (mean= 0.028±0.014) while anti Salmonella typhi IgM ELIZA test show mean index value = 0.6339±0.0385 comparing with low IgM index value (mean= 0.1560±0.070) induced by oral rout (Rsquared 0.7457, t test 3.3. The pro –inflammatory cytokines IL-1α was high in intramuscular rout 217.089±39.78 than its concentration with in oral administrated group (100.4±12.09), IL-12  was about  the same concentration both in oral rout and intramuscular rout subsequently (23.607 and 23.17) p value 0.01, R squared (0.3958).However the immune responses were  not absolutely absent in the oral administrated group, this reflect the fact that there is a selectivity in taking oral antigens from digestive mucosal surfaces but this immune feature and selectivity theme  may vary from antigen to another. In conclusion the recent and ongoing expansion of  a new information about the mucosal and  systemic immune responses lend a promise to provide the tools needed to exploit the full potential and development of both mucosal and intramuscular vaccines.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Oral Mucosal Tolerance Versus Systemic Immune Response to Salmonella typhi Antigen
AU  - Ibrahim Mohamed Saeed Shnawa
AU  - Zainab Khudhur Ahmed Al-Mahdi
Y1  - 2015/04/23
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 13
EP  - 16
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.s.2015030401.15
AB  - It was demonstrated that the oral vaccine application of Salmonella typhi antigen can activate low antibody agglutinin titer (mean:40±0) comparing with high agglutination titer induced by Intramuscular administration  of Salmonella typhi antigen (mean 560.0 ± 51.64) as well as anti-Salmonella typhi IgG ELIZA shows high mean index value(mean = 0.6957±0.10) comparing with the low index value  induced by oral rout were (mean= 0.028±0.014) while anti Salmonella typhi IgM ELIZA test show mean index value = 0.6339±0.0385 comparing with low IgM index value (mean= 0.1560±0.070) induced by oral rout (Rsquared 0.7457, t test 3.3. The pro –inflammatory cytokines IL-1α was high in intramuscular rout 217.089±39.78 than its concentration with in oral administrated group (100.4±12.09), IL-12  was about  the same concentration both in oral rout and intramuscular rout subsequently (23.607 and 23.17) p value 0.01, R squared (0.3958).However the immune responses were  not absolutely absent in the oral administrated group, this reflect the fact that there is a selectivity in taking oral antigens from digestive mucosal surfaces but this immune feature and selectivity theme  may vary from antigen to another. In conclusion the recent and ongoing expansion of  a new information about the mucosal and  systemic immune responses lend a promise to provide the tools needed to exploit the full potential and development of both mucosal and intramuscular vaccines.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4-1
ER  -

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