Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms

Shixiang Zong; Jianqiang Lin; Tao Wang; Youqing Luo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22

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Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms

Shixiang Zong, Jianqiang Lin, Tao Wang, Youqing Luo

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 2, Issue 6)

Received: 11 December 2014 Accepted: 23 December 2014 Published: 29 December 2014

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Abstract

Ash tree, Fraxinus (Oleaceae), is a fine species of timber, shelter and scenic tree used for afforestation in China. Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an important trunk borer of ash trees, have caused great damage to ash trees in China, the United States, Canada and other countries. First, adult EAB lays eggs in the bark crevices, then the newly hatched larvae feed on the superficial layers of the bark, and enter the xylem when approaching maturity, causing great damage. Therefore, bark is an important location for the adult oviposition, egg development and larval feeding of EAB. In order to understand the resistance of different species of ash trees and their mechanisms, eight ash trees with varying degrees of resistance to EAB were chosen to further investigate the morphological characteristics of the bark, anatomical structure of the tissue, main nutrients and secondary metabolites. The following results were observed: (1) The resistance of different tree species to EAB was not correlated with the bark color, but was inversely proportional to bark thickness, roughness, lenticel size, and compactness. The thicker, rougher and more compact the bark was, the larger the lenticels were, and in turn the greater the EAB-induced damage was. (2) In the anatomical structure of the bark tissues, the vessel size, wood cell number, wood cell area and stone cell number were shown to be the most important resistance factors, among which vessel area and wood cell area were both negatively correlated with insect resistance, and stone cell number and wood cell number were positively correlated. (3) Among the main nutrients and secondary metabolites, polyphenols, soluble sugars, reducing sugars and flavonoids were shown to be the most important resistance factors, the contents of which in tree species with high resistance were generally higher than those in susceptible tree species. These results provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for revealing the resistance of different species of ash trees to EAB, and selecting suitable insect resistant tree species.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22
Page(s)	302-308
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Emerald Ash Borer, Ash Tree, Bark, Resistance Mechanism

References

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APA Style

Shixiang Zong, Jianqiang Lin, Tao Wang, Youqing Luo. (2014). Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2(6), 302-308. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22

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ACS Style

Shixiang Zong; Jianqiang Lin; Tao Wang; Youqing Luo. Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms. Am. J. Agric. For. 2014, 2(6), 302-308. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22

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AMA Style

Shixiang Zong, Jianqiang Lin, Tao Wang, Youqing Luo. Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms. Am J Agric For. 2014;2(6):302-308. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22,
  author = {Shixiang Zong and Jianqiang Lin and Tao Wang and Youqing Luo},
  title = {Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {302-308},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20140206.22},
  abstract = {Ash tree, Fraxinus (Oleaceae), is a fine species of timber, shelter and scenic tree used for afforestation in China. Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an important trunk borer of ash trees, have caused great damage to ash trees in China, the United States, Canada and other countries. First, adult EAB lays eggs in the bark crevices, then the newly hatched larvae feed on the superficial layers of the bark, and enter the xylem when approaching maturity, causing great damage. Therefore, bark is an important location for the adult oviposition, egg development and larval feeding of EAB. In order to understand the resistance of different species of ash trees and their mechanisms, eight ash trees with varying degrees of resistance to EAB were chosen to further investigate the morphological characteristics of the bark, anatomical structure of the tissue, main nutrients and secondary metabolites. The following results were observed: (1) The resistance of different tree species to EAB was not correlated with the bark color, but was inversely proportional to bark thickness, roughness, lenticel size, and compactness. The thicker, rougher and more compact the bark was, the larger the lenticels were, and in turn the greater the EAB-induced damage was. (2) In the anatomical structure of the bark tissues, the vessel size, wood cell number, wood cell area and stone cell number were shown to be the most important resistance factors, among which vessel area and wood cell area were both negatively correlated with insect resistance, and stone cell number and wood cell number were positively correlated. (3) Among the main nutrients and secondary metabolites, polyphenols, soluble sugars, reducing sugars and flavonoids were shown to be the most important resistance factors, the contents of which in tree species with high resistance were generally higher than those in susceptible tree species. These results provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for revealing the resistance of different species of ash trees to EAB, and selecting suitable insect resistant tree species.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms
AU  - Shixiang Zong
AU  - Jianqiang Lin
AU  - Tao Wang
AU  - Youqing Luo
Y1  - 2014/12/29
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 302
EP  - 308
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22
AB  - Ash tree, Fraxinus (Oleaceae), is a fine species of timber, shelter and scenic tree used for afforestation in China. Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an important trunk borer of ash trees, have caused great damage to ash trees in China, the United States, Canada and other countries. First, adult EAB lays eggs in the bark crevices, then the newly hatched larvae feed on the superficial layers of the bark, and enter the xylem when approaching maturity, causing great damage. Therefore, bark is an important location for the adult oviposition, egg development and larval feeding of EAB. In order to understand the resistance of different species of ash trees and their mechanisms, eight ash trees with varying degrees of resistance to EAB were chosen to further investigate the morphological characteristics of the bark, anatomical structure of the tissue, main nutrients and secondary metabolites. The following results were observed: (1) The resistance of different tree species to EAB was not correlated with the bark color, but was inversely proportional to bark thickness, roughness, lenticel size, and compactness. The thicker, rougher and more compact the bark was, the larger the lenticels were, and in turn the greater the EAB-induced damage was. (2) In the anatomical structure of the bark tissues, the vessel size, wood cell number, wood cell area and stone cell number were shown to be the most important resistance factors, among which vessel area and wood cell area were both negatively correlated with insect resistance, and stone cell number and wood cell number were positively correlated. (3) Among the main nutrients and secondary metabolites, polyphenols, soluble sugars, reducing sugars and flavonoids were shown to be the most important resistance factors, the contents of which in tree species with high resistance were generally higher than those in susceptible tree species. These results provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for revealing the resistance of different species of ash trees to EAB, and selecting suitable insect resistant tree species.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Shixiang Zong

Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100 083, China
Jianqiang Lin

Ao Yang Ecology and Agroforestry Limited Company, Jiangsu 215 623, China
Tao Wang

Mentougou Forestry Station, Beijing 102 300, China
Youqing Luo

Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100 083, China

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APA Style

Shixiang Zong, Jianqiang Lin, Tao Wang, Youqing Luo. (2014). Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2(6), 302-308. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22

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ACS Style

Shixiang Zong; Jianqiang Lin; Tao Wang; Youqing Luo. Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms. Am. J. Agric. For. 2014, 2(6), 302-308. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22

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AMA Style

Shixiang Zong, Jianqiang Lin, Tao Wang, Youqing Luo. Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms. Am J Agric For. 2014;2(6):302-308. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22,
  author = {Shixiang Zong and Jianqiang Lin and Tao Wang and Youqing Luo},
  title = {Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {302-308},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20140206.22},
  abstract = {Ash tree, Fraxinus (Oleaceae), is a fine species of timber, shelter and scenic tree used for afforestation in China. Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an important trunk borer of ash trees, have caused great damage to ash trees in China, the United States, Canada and other countries. First, adult EAB lays eggs in the bark crevices, then the newly hatched larvae feed on the superficial layers of the bark, and enter the xylem when approaching maturity, causing great damage. Therefore, bark is an important location for the adult oviposition, egg development and larval feeding of EAB. In order to understand the resistance of different species of ash trees and their mechanisms, eight ash trees with varying degrees of resistance to EAB were chosen to further investigate the morphological characteristics of the bark, anatomical structure of the tissue, main nutrients and secondary metabolites. The following results were observed: (1) The resistance of different tree species to EAB was not correlated with the bark color, but was inversely proportional to bark thickness, roughness, lenticel size, and compactness. The thicker, rougher and more compact the bark was, the larger the lenticels were, and in turn the greater the EAB-induced damage was. (2) In the anatomical structure of the bark tissues, the vessel size, wood cell number, wood cell area and stone cell number were shown to be the most important resistance factors, among which vessel area and wood cell area were both negatively correlated with insect resistance, and stone cell number and wood cell number were positively correlated. (3) Among the main nutrients and secondary metabolites, polyphenols, soluble sugars, reducing sugars and flavonoids were shown to be the most important resistance factors, the contents of which in tree species with high resistance were generally higher than those in susceptible tree species. These results provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for revealing the resistance of different species of ash trees to EAB, and selecting suitable insect resistant tree species.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Resistance of Eight Species of Ash Trees to Emerald Ash Borer and their Mechanisms
AU  - Shixiang Zong
AU  - Jianqiang Lin
AU  - Tao Wang
AU  - Youqing Luo
Y1  - 2014/12/29
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 302
EP  - 308
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20140206.22
AB  - Ash tree, Fraxinus (Oleaceae), is a fine species of timber, shelter and scenic tree used for afforestation in China. Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an important trunk borer of ash trees, have caused great damage to ash trees in China, the United States, Canada and other countries. First, adult EAB lays eggs in the bark crevices, then the newly hatched larvae feed on the superficial layers of the bark, and enter the xylem when approaching maturity, causing great damage. Therefore, bark is an important location for the adult oviposition, egg development and larval feeding of EAB. In order to understand the resistance of different species of ash trees and their mechanisms, eight ash trees with varying degrees of resistance to EAB were chosen to further investigate the morphological characteristics of the bark, anatomical structure of the tissue, main nutrients and secondary metabolites. The following results were observed: (1) The resistance of different tree species to EAB was not correlated with the bark color, but was inversely proportional to bark thickness, roughness, lenticel size, and compactness. The thicker, rougher and more compact the bark was, the larger the lenticels were, and in turn the greater the EAB-induced damage was. (2) In the anatomical structure of the bark tissues, the vessel size, wood cell number, wood cell area and stone cell number were shown to be the most important resistance factors, among which vessel area and wood cell area were both negatively correlated with insect resistance, and stone cell number and wood cell number were positively correlated. (3) Among the main nutrients and secondary metabolites, polyphenols, soluble sugars, reducing sugars and flavonoids were shown to be the most important resistance factors, the contents of which in tree species with high resistance were generally higher than those in susceptible tree species. These results provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for revealing the resistance of different species of ash trees to EAB, and selecting suitable insect resistant tree species.
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
ER  -

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