Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview

Emad Ghanem

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview

Emad Ghanem

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 5-1)

Received: 23 April 2015 Accepted: 24 April 2015 Published: 9 May 2015

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Nematic liquid crystals have shown particular selectivity and sensitivity as stationary phases for the separation of isomers having similar volatilities. Because of their unique selectivity towards rigid solute isomers, liquid crystal stationary phases were considered at one time to be a very promising class of materials that give the gas chromatographic separations a great deal of attention. In this overview, we present a brief historical view of the liquid crystal stationary phases development, which were successfully used in gas chromatography for separation of isomers.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 5-1) This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases for Liquid and Gas Chromatographic Separations
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12
Page(s)	7-10
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Liquid Crystal, Chromatography, Stationary Phase, Separation, Nematic

References

[1]	M. Megharaj, B. Ramakrishnan, K. Venkateswarlu, N. Sethunathan, R. Naidu, Environ Int, vol. 37, PP. 1362–1375, 2011.
[2]	B.R. Simoneit BR, Mass Spectrom Rev, vol. 24, PP. 719–765, 2005.
[3]	M.P. Fraser, K. Lakshmanan, Environ Sci Technol, vol. 34, PP. 4560–4564, 2000.
[4]	M.A. Mazurek, Environ Health Perspect, vol. 110, PP. 995–1003, 2002.
[5]	J.J. Schauer, W.F. Rogge, L.M. Hildemann, M.A. Mazurek, G.R. Cass, Atmos Environ, vol. 30, PP. 3837–3855, 1996.
[6]	B.J. Williams, A.H. Goldstein, N.M. Kreisberg, S.V. Hering, D.R. Worsnop, I.M. Ulbrich, K.S. Docherty, J.L. Jimenez, Atmos Chem Phys, vol. 10, PP. 11577–11603, 2010.
[7]	WL. Jr. Zielinski, CRC handbook of chromatography: hydrocarbons, vol. 1. Gas chromatography. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton. 1987.
[8]	K.P. Naikwadi, P.P. Wadgaonkar, J Chromatogr A, vol. 811(1–2), PP. 97, 1998.
[9]	L.E. Cook, R.C. Spangelo, Anal Chem, vol. 46(1), PP. 122–126, 1974.
[10]	WL. Jr. Zielinski, G.M. Janini, J Chromatogr A, vol. 186, PP. 237–247, 1979.
[11]	H. Rotzsche, Stationary phases in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr Library, vol. 48, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1991.
[12]	P. Berdagué, F. Perez, J. Courtieu, J.P. Bayle,O. Abdelhadi, S. Guermouche, M.H. Guermouche, Chromatographia, vol. 40, PP. 581–586, 1995.
[13]	A. Meddour, J. Courtieu, O. Abdelhadi, S. Guermouche, M.H. Guermouche, Chromatographia, vol. 43, PP. 387–392, 1996.
[14]	J.P. Bayle, Chromatographia, vol. 50, PP. 338–345, 1999.
[15]	D. Bélaïdi, S. Sebih, S. Boudah, M.H. Guermouche, J.P. Bayle, J Chromatogr A, vol. 1087, PP. 52–56, 2005.
[16]	M. Dahmane, F. Athman, S. Sebih, M.H. Guermouche, J.P. Bayle, S. Boudah, Chromatographia, vol. 70, PP. 489–495, 2009.
[17]	C.B. McArdle, Side chain liquid crystal polymers. Blackie, London. 1989.
[18]	P.J. Collings, Liquid crystals: Nature's delicate phase of matter. Hilger Bristol. 1990.
[19]	Z. Witkiewicz, Liquid crystals: applications and uses. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore. 1991.
[20]	Z. Witkiewicz, J. Mazur, Liq Chromatogr Gas Chromatogr, vol. 8, P. 224, 1990.
[21]	H. Kelker, Z Anal Chem, vol. 198, PP. 254–266, 1963.
[22]	H. Kelker, E. Von Schivizhoffen, Advances in chromatography, vol. 6. Marcel Dekker, New York. PP. 247–297, 1968.
[23]	M.J.S. Dewar, J.P. Shröeder, J Am Chem Soc, vol. 86, PP. 5235–5239, 1964.
[24]	F. Perez, P. Berdague, J.P. Bayle, J. Courtieu, S. Boudah, M.H. Guermouche, J High Resolut Chromatogr, vol. 20, PP. 379–384, 1997.
[25]	F. Gritti, G. Felix, Chromatographia, vol. 55, P. 523, 2002.
[26]	Z. Witkiewicz, J. Oszczudłowski, M. Repelewicz, Chem Anal (Warsaw), vol. 48, P. 397, 2003.
[27]	Z. Witkiewicz, J Chromatogr A, vol. 1062, PP. 155–174, 2005.
[28]	E. Ghanem, H. Sahar, Chromatograpia, vol. 77(9-10), PP. 653-662, 2014.
[29]	J. Coca, I. Medina, S.H. Langer, Chromatographia, vol. 25, PP. 825–830, 1988.
[30]	G. Chiavari, L. Pastorelli, Chromatographia, vol. 7, PP. 30–33, 1974.
[31]	D.E. Martire, P.A. Blasco, P.F. Carone, L.C. Chow, H. Vicini, J Phys Chem, vol. 72, PP. 3489–3495, 1968.
[32]	A.E. Habboush, S.M. Farroha, A.Y. Kreishan, J Chromatogr A, vol. 664, 71–76, 1994.
[33]	M.J.S. Dewar, J.P. Schroeder, J Org Chem, vol. 30, PP. 3485–3490, 1965.
[34]	K.P. Naikwadi, D.G. Panse, B.V. Bapat, B.B. Ghatge, J Chromatogr A, vol. 195, PP. 309–316, 1980.
[35]	K.P. Naikwadi, D.G. Panse, B.V. Bapat, B.B. Ghatge, J Chromatogr A, vol. 206, PP. 361–367, 1981.
[36]	K.P. Naikwadi, S. Rokushika, H. Hatano, J Chromatogr A, vol. 331, PP. 69–76, 1985.
[37]	F. Athman, M. Dahmane, S. Boudah, M.H. Guermouche, J.P. Bayle, S. Sebih, Chromatographia, vol. 70, PP. 503–510, 2009.
[38]	M. Dahmane, F. Athman, S. Sebih, M.H. Guermouche, J.P. Bayle, S. Boudah, J Chromatogr A, vol. 1217, PP. 6562–6568, 2010.
[39]	J.P. Schroeder, G.W. Gray, P.A. Winsor, Liquid crystals and plastic crystals. Ellis Horwood, Chichester. p 361, 1974.
[40]	A. Ziolek, Z. Witkiewicz, R. Dabrowski, J Chromatogr A, vol. 294, PP. 139–154, 1984.
[41]	F. Gritti, G. Félix, M.F. Achard, F. Hardouin, J Chromatogr A, vol. 893, PP. 359–366, 2000.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Emad Ghanem. (2015). Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(5-1), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Emad Ghanem. Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2015, 3(5-1), 7-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Emad Ghanem. Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview. Am J Appl Chem. 2015;3(5-1):7-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12,
  author = {Emad Ghanem},
  title = {Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5-1},
  pages = {7-10},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.s.2015030501.12},
  abstract = {Nematic liquid crystals have shown particular selectivity and sensitivity as stationary phases for the separation of isomers having similar volatilities. Because of their unique selectivity towards rigid solute isomers, liquid crystal stationary phases were considered at one time to be a very promising class of materials that give the gas chromatographic separations a great deal of attention. In this overview, we present a brief historical view of the liquid crystal stationary phases development, which were successfully used in gas chromatography for separation of isomers.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview
AU  - Emad Ghanem
Y1  - 2015/05/09
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 7
EP  - 10
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12
AB  - Nematic liquid crystals have shown particular selectivity and sensitivity as stationary phases for the separation of isomers having similar volatilities. Because of their unique selectivity towards rigid solute isomers, liquid crystal stationary phases were considered at one time to be a very promising class of materials that give the gas chromatographic separations a great deal of attention. In this overview, we present a brief historical view of the liquid crystal stationary phases development, which were successfully used in gas chromatography for separation of isomers.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5-1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Emad Ghanem

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Emad Ghanem. (2015). Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(5-1), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Emad Ghanem. Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2015, 3(5-1), 7-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Emad Ghanem. Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview. Am J Appl Chem. 2015;3(5-1):7-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12,
  author = {Emad Ghanem},
  title = {Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5-1},
  pages = {7-10},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.s.2015030501.12},
  abstract = {Nematic liquid crystals have shown particular selectivity and sensitivity as stationary phases for the separation of isomers having similar volatilities. Because of their unique selectivity towards rigid solute isomers, liquid crystal stationary phases were considered at one time to be a very promising class of materials that give the gas chromatographic separations a great deal of attention. In this overview, we present a brief historical view of the liquid crystal stationary phases development, which were successfully used in gas chromatography for separation of isomers.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Historical Development of Liquid Crystalline Stationary Phases: An Overview
AU  - Emad Ghanem
Y1  - 2015/05/09
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 7
EP  - 10
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030501.12
AB  - Nematic liquid crystals have shown particular selectivity and sensitivity as stationary phases for the separation of isomers having similar volatilities. Because of their unique selectivity towards rigid solute isomers, liquid crystal stationary phases were considered at one time to be a very promising class of materials that give the gas chromatographic separations a great deal of attention. In this overview, we present a brief historical view of the liquid crystal stationary phases development, which were successfully used in gas chromatography for separation of isomers.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5-1
ER  -

Copy | Download